What is DNS and How to Change DNS Settings?

In today’s digital landscape, understanding the mechanics of how the internet works can empower you to optimize your online experience. One fundamental technology behind the scenes is the Domain Name System (DNS). In this article, we will explore what DNS is, how it functions, and a step-by-step guide on changing your DNS settings to improve your internet speed, security, and privacy.

What is DNS?

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system used to translate user-friendly domain names into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network. For example, when you type www.example.com into your web browser, DNS servers resolve that domain name to an IP address like 192.0.2.1, allowing your browser to locate and access the corresponding website.

How DNS Works

DNS operates through a distributed network of servers, each playing a specific role in the resolution process. Here’s a simplified breakdown of how it works:

1. User Request: You enter a website URL in your browser.
2. DNS Resolver: Your ISP’s DNS resolver receives the request and checks its cache for the IP address. If not found, it queries other DNS servers.
3. Root DNS Server: The resolver queries a root DNS server, which directs it to the appropriate top-level domain (TLD) server (.com, .org, etc.).
4. TLD DNS Server: The TLD server returns the address of the authoritative DNS server for the specific domain.
5. Authoritative DNS Server: This server holds the DNS records for the domain and responds with the IP address of the website.
6. Response: The resolver returns the IP address to your browser, which then connects to the web server hosting the website.

Why Change Your DNS Settings?

Changing your DNS settings can offer several benefits, including:

• Improved Speed: Some DNS servers are faster than others, potentially reducing the time it takes to load websites.
• Enhanced Security: Certain DNS providers offer built-in security features that protect against phishing attacks and malware.
• Access to Geo-Restricted Content: Changing DNS can allow access to region-restricted content or services.
• Better Privacy: Some DNS providers do not log your browsing activity, enhancing your online privacy.

How to Change DNS Settings

Changing your DNS settings can vary slightly depending on your device and operating system. Below are step-by-step instructions for the most common platforms.

1. Changing DNS on Windows

1. Open the Control Panel.
2. Go to Network and Internet > Network and Sharing Center.
3. Click on Change adapter settings on the left sidebar.
4. Right-click on your active network connection (Ethernet or Wi-Fi) and select Properties.
5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click on Properties.
6. Select the option Use the following DNS server addresses and enter your preferred DNS servers. For example:

DNS Provider	Primary DNS	Secondary DNS
Google DNS	8.8.8.8	8.8.4.4
Cloudflare DNS	1.1.1.1	1.0.0.1
OpenDNS	208.67.222.222	208.67.220.220

7. Click OK to save your settings, then click Close to exit the properties window.
8. Restart your browser or the computer for the changes to take effect.

2. Changing DNS on macOS

1. Open System Preferences.
2. Select Network.
3. Choose your active network connection and click Advanced.
4. Navigate to the DNS tab.
5. Click the + button to add a new DNS server and enter your preferred DNS addresses (e.g., 1.1.1.1 for Cloudflare).
6. Click OK and then Apply to save your settings.

3. Changing DNS on Android

1. Open the Settings app.
2. Select Network & Internet.
3. Tap on Wi-Fi, then long-press your connected Wi-Fi network and select Modify network.
4. Check the box for Advanced options.
5. In the IP settings dropdown, select Static.
6. Scroll down to DNS 1 and DNS 2, then enter your preferred DNS addresses.
7. Tap Save.

4. Changing DNS on iOS

1. Open the Settings app.
2. Select Wi-Fi.
3. Tap the information icon (i) next to your connected network.
4. Scroll down to DNS and tap Configure DNS.
5. Choose Manual and then tap Add Server to enter your DNS addresses.
6. Tap Save.

Testing Your DNS Changes

After changing your DNS settings, it’s essential to verify that they are working correctly. You can use various online tools to check your DNS configuration:

• DNS Leak Test: Check if your real DNS server is being exposed.
• DNS Checker: Verify DNS propagation for your domain across different global servers.

Common DNS Providers

Below is a comparison of popular DNS providers:

Conclusion

Understanding DNS and how to change your DNS settings can significantly improve your online experience. Whether you seek faster browsing speeds, enhanced security, or improved privacy, customizing your DNS settings can be an effective solution. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can take control of your internet connectivity and optimize it to suit your needs.

FAQs

1. What happens if I change my DNS settings?

Changing your DNS settings can redirect your internet traffic to a different DNS server, potentially improving speed and security while also allowing for custom configurations like filtering and blocking.

2. Is changing DNS settings safe?

Yes, changing your DNS settings is generally safe. However, ensure you use reputable DNS providers to avoid security risks.

3. How do I revert to default DNS settings?

To revert to default settings, go back to your DNS settings and select the option for automatic DNS configuration or remove any manually entered DNS addresses.

4. Can I use any DNS server?

You can use any public DNS server that is available, but it’s best to choose one that is known for speed, reliability, and security.

5. How often should I change my DNS settings?

There’s no set frequency for changing DNS settings. However, if you experience slow browsing speeds or security issues, it may be worth reviewing your DNS provider.